Piston-valve for explosive-engines.



' L. C. MALTBY. PISTON VALVE FOB. EXPLOSIVE ENGINES. APPLIOATION'EIILBD AUG. 11, 1913.

1,110,635.- Patenteavsept. 15, 1914.

LAURENCE c. MALTBY, or Barron, orirc.

PISTON-VALV FOR EXPLOSIVE-ENGINES.

Applicationil'ed August 11, 1913. Serial No. 784,171. v

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, LAURENCE C. ltlAL'risv,y

a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomeryand State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Piston-Valves for Explosive-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates tolnew and useful improvements in piston valves for explosive engines.

The object of the invention is toiprovide a simple, efficient and positively operatedl piston valve for 'engines of the explosive type. The valve is so constructed and ar'- ranged as to cause the gasesv to vbe readily' and elfectivelyadmitted to and exhausted from the main cylinder, while at the same time adequate provision is made for an easy operation of the valve, with which the expansion and contraction of the latter might otherwise interfere.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view of my ,improved piston valve connected to the engine cylinder. Fig.

2 is a section taken on the-line g-g of 1. And Fig. 3 is a detail View of a portion of one of the rings'for the valve piston.

. Throughout the specification land drawf:

ings, similar reference characters denote corresponding parts. v

In a detailed description of my invention, l designates a cylinder of' an explosive engine in which a piston 2 is'movable. Passing through the piston 2 is a wrist pin 3 to which is connecteda cbnnecting rod 4 through which the main shaft of the engine is operated. A line 5 indicates the circle of rotation of the lower end of the connecting rod 4. Preferably cast integral with the cylinder 1 is a water jacket 6 for the purpose of cooling the former. The upper end of the cylinder is closed with the exception of a threaded aperture 7 adapted to receive an ignition plug 8. y v

Adjacent the cyl'nder l' and cast integral therewith or otherwise constructed,- a-s desired, is a valve cylinder or chest 9, which is likewise cooled bythe Water ]acket 6. ,ommunication is established between the cylinder 1 and valve chest 9, by ports 10 Specification of Letters Patent.

rasantes sept. 15, 1e11.

most point of its stroke. The upper end of the cylinder 9 is open to an exhaust pipe.

Adapted to reciprocatewithin the cylinder 9 is a piston 12. Mounted on the lower. end of said piston is a pitman 13 to which 60 is pivotally connected a connecting rod 1-1 actuated trom the main crank shaft in predetermined ratio to the connecting rod 4, through 'mechanism not shown. `To later explain this ratio, a line 15 is drawn in- 65 dicating the`circle'of rotation of the lower end of the connecting rod 14.

The piston 12 is divided into two sections by a partition 16, the upper section of said piston being open to thecylinder` l9 while v70 the lower section is closedl at its bottom. However, the lower Section'of said' piston lhas a port 17 which is adapted to communi- `port,\17*. Also extending through the piston 12 an ring. 19 is a port 20 adapted to re 7, qwithl the port 11, and extendingg throughhe piston 12 and ring 18 is a port 85 21 which is adapted to register with the port 10. It will now be seen that the yrings 18 and 19 are wide enough to permit the ports .21 and -20 to extend through them.

In order that the rings 18 and 19 ma be 90, prevented from4 lateral movement, w ich would result -in a partial or complete obstruction of the passage of gas through the ports 2O and 21, a pin andgroove construe.- tion is provided, as shown in Figs.` 2 and 3. 95 Midway the vertical edge of each ring is a hollowed-out portion 22, 4said hollowed-out' portions being circumferential' and facing each other to receive a pinv23 set in the pis.- ton 12.l The pin 23 prevents the rings 18 100 and 19 revolving around the Apiston 12-to' completely or partially close thel ports 20 and 21; in other words, it prevents the apertures forming these ports in the piston and rings working out of alinement. 10,5

The engine and valve pistons have the `ol lowing relative movement: When the lower end of the connecting rod 111 of the piston 12 has the position a, the lower end of the connecting rod It of the piston 2 has the pe'siu@ tion e. This is the relative position of the two rods and their corresponding pistons afterthe discharge of the gas from the cylinder 1, the ports 10 and 21, and 20and 11 being out of alinement. When the lower end of the connecting rod -1- reaches the position f, the connecting rod 14 'attains the position ab, causing the ports 20 and 11 to register to permit the admission of gas therethrough into the engine cylinder l. When the lower y pressed gases within the cylinder 1` now takes place, the piston 2 is forced to its lowermost position bythe resulting explosion and the lower endof the connecting rod 14 'occupies `the position d. As the piston 2 again moves upward, the lower end of the connecting rod 14 will be moved to its highest point between the points a and d. The movement ofthe lower end of-the connecting rod 14 from the point d to its high est point, will bring the port 21 into alinement with the port 10, to permit the burned gases to escape through said ports into the piston 12 and thence through the upper end of the piston 12 into the exhaust pipe, as the engine piston 2 gradually moves upwardly.

In other piston valves, much trouble is experienced, and Aparticularly in internal combustion engines, because of the unequal expansion and contraction of the piston 12l due to the action of the hot gases upon it. In my invention I take care of this lproblem by the provision of split rings 18 and 19, heretofore referred to. These rings are wide enough to permit the ports 2O and 21 to extend through'them, and flexible enough to permit the piston 12to have. a free and easy movement through the cylinder 9 at all times. The rings are so constructed as to provide for the expansion of the piston 12 due to the action of the hot gases upon it,

and still permit lsaid piston to have a free and easy movement within the cylinder. These rings are not the narrow ones comvmonly used on other pistons, but are widev enough to be termed bands through whichl the ports 17, 2O and 21 extend. Were the rings so narrow as not to include the ports, much gas would be wasted that might otherwise besaved. Being split, the rings will expand to keethe ports tight at all times, which is abso utely essential to the proper .circulation of iiuid around it.

operation of an explosive engine. The water jacket. 6 also assists in cooling the piston 12, as it surrounds a large portion of the cylinder containing the latter to permitthe I do not wish to be limitedr to the details of construction and arrangement hereinl shown and'ldescribed, and the same may be varied to' suit different conditions ofuse.-

vHaving described my invention, I claim: 1. In an explosive engine,-a main cylinder, a piston movable therein, a crank shaft driven by said piston, a valve cylinder adjacent to and connected with said-main cylinder, "a piston movable Vjtherein, ports in said valve piston, and split rings encompassing' said valve piston through which said ports -extend to closely communicate with corresponding ports in the main cylinder, each ring having acircumferential hollowed-out portion in each of its facing edges,

said circumferential portions being located Y opposite each other, and apin set in the valve piston and extending upwardly between said .circumferential portions to prevent lateral movement of the ring, substantially asv described. l

2. In an interna-l combustion engine, a main cylinder, a piston movable therein, a main exhaust port in said cylinder located slightly above the uppermost point of the stroke of saidA piston, a main inlet portin said main cylinder located below the Amain exhaust port at a point to be opened by said main piston at the lowermost point of its stroke, a valve cylinder, a single valve piston movable therein, and inlet and exhaust ports in said valve piston adapted to register with their corresponding ports in the main cylinder as the valve piston is actuated, substantially as described.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a maincylinder, api'ston movable therein, a

point of the stroke of said piston, a main inlet port in said main cylinder located below the main LAURENCE C. MALTBY.

Witnesses:

. HOWARD S. SMITH, PHILoG. BUNlpsow.

`main exhaust port in said cylinder located -nslightly above the uppermost 

